Title	Author
An Economic Analysis of Tropical Forest Land Use Options, Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia	Camille Bann 1997 - Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA), Singapore.
	Ratanakiri is a richly forested province located in remote Northeast Cambodia. Forestland in Ratanakiri represents an extremely valuable natural resource that needs to be correctly managed if its benefits are to be maximised. Despite the lack of a land use plan for the province, a number of commercial development activities are underway. Many of these options will result in the destruction of pristine forest areas. Because local communities in Ratanakiri are totally dependent on the forest and the rapid rate of deforestation is evident throughout Cambodia, sustainable forest management options urgently need to be identified for the area. This study compares two key land uses-the value of using the forest land for traditional purposes (such as the harvesting of Non Timber Forest Products) against its use for commercial timber extraction.
An Economic Analysis of Alternative Mangrove Management Strategies in Koh Kong Province, Cambodia	Camille Bann 1997 - Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA), Singapore.
	This report presents an economic analysis of the different uses of the mangrove resource of Koh Kong province, Cambodia. The objective of the study is to provide information on the economic benefits and operational practices of key activities in the area that might be employed in the identification of an economically optimal management strategy for the mangrove resource. The mangrove areas in Koh Kong province cover an area of 63,700 hectares and have been described as ecologically and economically significant to Cambodia and all other countries situated around the Gulf of Thailand. Furthermore, this environment is the only site in all of continental Southeast Asia considered appropriate for the establishment of a coastal biosphere reserve. The mangrove forests and related environments of Koh Kong are therefore of vital international importance for nature conservation.
Policy Options for Cambodia's Ream National Park: A Stakeholder and Economic Analysis	Thanakvaro Thyl De Lopez 2001 - Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA), Singapore.
	A team of researchers of the Parks society of Cambodia and the Ministry of Environment takes a hard-nosed look at the economics of Preah Sihanoukvarman "Ream" National Park. After a year of fieldwork, an inventory of 37 hectares of mangrove forests, and more than 600 households and 1,300 visitors interviewed, the research team draws pessimistic conclusions. Given the uncertainties surrounding long-term protected area planning, most Cambodian policy-makers are likely to favour the more immediate benefits of development. The research team has determined the costs and benefits of different management options. Protection scenarios allocate the bulk of the Park's benefits to local communities. It is clear that local communities wish Ream to be a park for the people, not for the powerful. As long as conservation allows for the sustainable use of natural resources, rangers and park authorities will have the unflinching support of the villages of Ream against powerful commercial interests.
"Stakeholder management for conservation projects: a case study of Ream National Park, Cambodia"	Thanakvaro Thyl De Lopez 2001 - Environmental Management, vol 28, no.1.
	The paper gives an account of the development and implementation of a stakeholder management framework at Ream National Park, Cambodia. Firstly, the concept of stakeholder is reviewed in management and in conservation literatures. Secondly, the context in which the stakeholder framework was implemented is described. Thirdly, a five-step methodological framework is suggested: (1) stakeholder analysis, (2) stakeholder mapping, (3) development of generic strategies and workplan, (4) presentation of the workplan to stakeholders, and (5) implementation of the workplan. This framework classifies stakeholders ac-cording to their level of influence on the project and their potential for the conservation of natural resources. In a situation characterized by conflicting claims on natural re-sources, park authorities were able to successfully develop specific strategies for the management of stakeholders. The conclusion discusses the implications of the Ream experience and the generalization of the framework to other protected areas.
"Brave New Parks: Lessons from Internationally Funded Protected Areas in Cambodia"	Thanakvaro Thyl De Lopez 2001 - Natural Areas Journal, vol 21, no.4.
	This paper assesses international efforts to establish a system of protected areas in Cambodia and reviews the history, legal regime, and institutional background of these efforts. Donor-funded projects have been successful in creating a legal and institutional framework, and in training protected area staff. Despite these achievements, projects have suffered from critical shortcomings, including poor institutional support, lack of planning and coordination, weak accountability, inadequate management of human resources, and financial unsustainability. These problems must be addressed before new field projects can be efficiently implemented. The paper suggests strategic priorities, and assesses their operational needs. The establishment of an environmental fund would provide a source of income to meet the operating expenses of protected areas in Cambodia. The annual costs of operating a southern cluster of four national parks, an area covering 201,000 ha, are estimated at US$200,000. The assistance of the international community will remain crucial if Cambodia is to protect its natural environment. [Available upon request to the author]
"Deforestation in Cambodia: a stakeholder management approach"	Thanakvaro Thyl De Lopez 2001 - International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, vol 8.
	Although widely used in the development area, the stakeholder concept has its origins in the field of management. Stakeholder management consists of understanding the actions of stakeholders, and devising strategies to ethically and effectively deal with them. The paper presents a stakeholder management framework for conservation and illustrates it with the study of deforestation in Cambodia.  The framework comprises three steps: stakeholder analysis, stakeholder mapping, and development of stakeholder management strategies. The exercise shows the existence of a strong coalition of stakeholders whose main goal is to exploit the forest resources of Cambodia without any regard for sustainability. The efforts of the international community to control deforestation have focused on a reform of forest concessions. Consequently, several primary stakeholders have been ignored. These include local communities, the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces, the Ministry of Environment and Cambodia’s neighbours. The paper concludes with strategic management guidance for donor intervention. Unless a comprehensive stakeholder management framework is adopted, the forests of Cambodia will rapidly succumb to destruction. [Available upon request to the author]
"Biodiversity and Protected Areas" in Cambodia - National Environmental Action Plan, Chapter 5.	Ministry of Environment 1996 - Cambodia, Phnom Penh.
	Key Sections: Biodiversity and Endemism, Status of Wetlands, Wildlife Trade, Protected Areas, Managing Protected Areas, Strategy to Improve Management of Protected Areas. [1.3M HTML]
"Species of International Conservation Significance Known to Occur in Cambodia" in National Environmental Action Plan, Annex 5.	Ministry of Environment 1996 - Cambodia, Phnom Penh.
	A list of endangered mammals, reptiles, and fishes observed in Cambodia. [128K HTML]
"Birds of International Conservation Significance Known to Occur in Cambodia" in National Environmental Action Plan, Annex 5.	Ministry of Environment 1996 - Cambodia, Phnom Penh.
	A list of endangered birds observed in Cambodia. [113K HTML]
"Unique Characteristics of Protected Areas in Cambodia" in National Environmental Action Plan, Annex 5.	Ministry of Environment 1996 - Cambodia, Phnom Penh.
	A complete list of Cambodia's national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, multiple use areas and protected landscapes with their ecological and bio-geographical characteristics. [203K HTML]
"Forest Policy" in Cambodia - National Environmental Action Plan, Chapter 2.	Ministry of Environment 1996 - Cambodia, Phnom Penh.
	Key Sections: Status and Trends in the Forest Sector, Overview of Commercial Logging, Policies and Regulations, Improving the Management of Forest Concessions, Governance and Environmental Sustainability, Economic Performance. [33K PDF]
Visitor's Brochure of Ream National Park	Ream National Park
	The official brochure for visitors of Ream National Park. [525K JPEG]

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